Alkalinity
Water Treatment for Closed Heating and Cooling Systems (BG 50/2021), second edition, by Dr Pamela Simpson, published by BSRIA in 2021, defines alkalinity as: ‘A measure of the concentration of carbonate and bicarbonate ions in solution.’
It defines M-alkalinity or total alkalinity as: ‘…the measure of the total of bicarbonate, carbonate and hydroxyl ions in a water.’
--BSRIA
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